![]() ![]() In many European cities, residents’ feelings about spontaneous vegetation is divided-some welcome it as a manifestation of unrestrained urban nature while others see it as an indicator of dereliction that should be removed. How city dwellers respond to the presence of spontaneous vegetation in their midst is influenced by personal preferences as well as by cultural norms. For most cities, the amount of spontaneous vegetation they support varies inversely with their economic prosperity cities that have lost the most population and jobs show the highest levels of land abandonment and volunteer plant growth (Del Tredici 2010a, b Burkholder 2012). ![]() In urban areas, vegetation that is not planted or maintained by people-including both native and non-native species-typically dominates many different habitats including river and stream banks, highway verges, vacant building lots, infrastructure edges, chain-link fence lines, and random pavement cracks. ![]()
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